🔍 Introduction: Harshad Mehta Scam Kya Tha?
1992 ka Harshad Mehta Scam Bharat ke share bazaar ka sabse bada financial fraud maana jaata hai. Yeh scam ₹4000 crore ka tha, jismein Harshad Mehta ne banking system ki loopholes ka fayda utha kar stock market me price manipulation kiya. Us waqt yeh scam ne puri economy, banks, aur investors ko hila kar rakh diya tha.
👨💼 Harshad Mehta Ka Background
Harshad Mehta ka janm 29 July 1954
ko Gujarat ke Rajkot me hua tha. Unka parivaar Mumbai shift ho gaya tha jahan
Harshad ne school aur graduation ki padhaai ki. B.Com ke baad unhone stock
market me job start ki aur dheere-dheere woh ek “Big Bull” ban gaye.
📌 Key Points:
- Janm: 29 July 1954
- Education: B.Com from Lala Lajpatrai College, Mumbai
- Career Start: Broker ke roop me
- Nickname: The Big Bull
📈 Harshad Mehta Ne Scam Kaise Kiya?
💡 Concept of ‘Ready Forward Deal’ (RFD)
Harshad Mehta ne Ready Forward
Deal (RFD) ka misuse kiya. Yeh ek short-term loan hota tha jo banks ek
dusre ko government securities ke badle dete the. Lekin Harshad Mehta ne fake
BRs (Bank Receipts) ka istemal karke paisa liya aur stock market me invest
kiya.
🧩
Modus Operandi (Kaam Karne Ka Tarika)
- Fake Bank Receipts (BRs) issue karwana.
- BR ke badle croreon rupaye uthana.
- Un paiso se blue-chip stocks me investment karna.
- Artificial demand create karna.
- Prices high jaane par shares bech dena.
- Profit se BR ki jagah paisa bank me wapas kar dena.
💹 Scam Ka Impact Stock Market Par
Harshad Mehta ne ACC, Sterlite
Industries, Videocon, aur SBI jaise stocks me heavy investment kiya. Isse unke
shares ke prices 10x tak badh gaye.
Example: ACC ka share ₹200 se ₹9000+ tak gaya.
Is manipulation ki wajah se
thousands of retail investors ne investment kiya aur baad me jab bubble phoota,
sab kuch zero ho gaya.
🏦 Banks Aur Financial Institutions Ka Role
Scam me kai bade banks jaise SBI, UCO Bank, Bank of Karad, aur Metropolitan Co-operative Bank indirectly shamil the. Banks ne lax compliance ke chalte Harshad Mehta ko BRs issue kiya bina proper securities ke.
❌
RBI Ki Failure
RBI ka role bhi under scanner aaya
kyunki usne timely audit nahi kiya. Regulatory loopholes ka pura fayda Harshad
Mehta ne uthaya.
🧑⚖️
Scam Ka Parda Faash: Sucheta Dalal Ka Expose
27 April 1992 ko journalist Sucheta Dalal ne The Times of India
me ek article publish kiya:
“The Great Indian Scam: ₹500 Crore
from SBI Disappears.”
Is article ne poore scam ka sach
samne la diya. Harshad Mehta ne confess kiya ki unhone ₹1000 crore se zyada
paisa stock market me lagaya.
📜 Legal Actions Aur Court Cases
Scam ke baad Harshad Mehta ke
khilaaf 70+ criminal cases file hue. Unpar Income Tax, CBI, SEBI
ne investigation kiya. Harshad Mehta ko arrest bhi kiya gaya.
⚖️
Mukhy Mudde:
- Tax evasion
- Fraudulent securities transactions
- Bank frauds
- Price manipulation
👮 Harshad Mehta Ki Death
Harshad Mehta ki 31 December 2001
ko Thane jail me heart attack se maut ho gayi. Us waqt un par kai cases pending
the. Unki maut se kai logon ko sach jaanne ka mauka kabhi nahi mila.
💼 Harshad Mehta Ki Legacy Aur Family
Harshad Mehta ke bhai Ashwin
Mehta ek lawyer hain jo unke court cases ko aage badhate rahe. 2018 me
Ashwin Mehta ko Mumbai High Court ne ek case me clean chit di.
2020 me SonyLIV par web series Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta
Story release hui, jise logon ne kaafi pasand kiya.
📉 Scam 1992 Ke Baad Kya Badla?
🏛️ SEBI Reforms
Scam ke baad SEBI ne naye guidelines
aur norms banaye:
- Online screen-based trading system
- Stronger audit regulations
- Insider trading ban
- Broker registration tightening
📊 Stock Market Modernization
- NSE aur BSE me reforms
- Demat account mandatory
- T+2 settlement cycle
- Real-time surveillance system
💡 Harshad Mehta Scam Se Kya Seekh Mile?
|
Learning |
Explanation |
|
🛑 Blind trust mat karo |
Sirf kisi celebrity ya successful
investor par blindly invest karna galat ho sakta hai. |
|
📜 Legal audit zaruri hai |
Regular audits aur transparency
hona bahut zaruri hai. |
|
👨💼 Financial literacy |
Retail investors ko basic market
knowledge hona chahiye. |
|
🏦 Regulatory watchdogs ka role |
RBI, SEBI jaise institutions ko
timely action lena chahiye. |
🔍 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1:
Harshad Mehta ne total kitna scam kiya?
Ans: Lagbhag ₹4000 crore ka scam kiya gaya tha banking aur
securities ke madhyam se.
Q2:
Scam ka sabse bada nuksan kisko hua?
Ans: Retail investors, PSU banks jaise SBI, aur Indian stock
market ki credibility ko.
Q3:
Kya Harshad Mehta ko court ne convict kiya?
Ans: Ji haan, un par kai cases me conviction hua tha, lekin
death se pehle sabhi cases ka judgement nahi ho paya.
Q4:
Scam 1992 web series kitni accurate hai?
Ans: Web series journalist Sucheta Dalal aur Debashis Basu ki
kitab “The Scam” par based hai. 80% tak accurate maana ja sakta hai.
✍️ Conclusion
Harshad Mehta Scam 1992 Bharat ke financial history ka ek kala dhabba hai jahan ek
aadmi ne system ki kamzori ka istemal karke stock market ko apne hisaab se
ghumaya. Is scam ne humein sikhaya ki financial vigilance aur accountability
kitni zaruri hai.
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